Abstract: The Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Uncertain Demand (MD-VRPUD) can be modeled as a bi-level optimization problem (BLOP), because it requires both assigning customers to different ...

Abstract: Metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated strong effectiveness in solving complex real-world optimization problems. This paper presents two discrete metaheuristic approaches for the ...

UPDATE: Jun. 4, 2026, 3:38 p.m. EDT — This article has been updated with a statement from Reddit. In recent years, brands and spammers alike have been using Reddit to manipulate AI chatbots by ...

A study conducted by scientists from Carnegie Mellon, Oxford, MIT and UCLA found the technology can affect cognitive function and problem-solving abilities in a relatively short period. “We show that ...

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors ...